种类

从属连词

例  句

说   明

时间

状语

从句

when

When I came into the room, he was writing a letter.

when指的是“当…时”。

※I was walking along the street when(这时) suddenly Tom patted me on the shoulder .

when意为“这时”或“在那时”,这时when分句一般位于句末。

while

While it was raining, they went out.

I stayed while he was away.

※All of us are working hard while he is sleeping.( 并列连词“然而”)

while指“在某一段时间里”，“在…期间”，while引导的动作必须是持续性的。

as

He hurried home, looking behind as he went.他赶快回家，边走边向后看。

As (随着)time goes by, I like China better.

as（一边...一边）引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生；“随着”。

before

Be a pupil before you become a teacher.

I finished my task before I went home.

before译为 “在…之前, 才, 就”

after

He arrived after the game started.

在…之后

till

until

We waited till (until)he came back .直到

She didn’t stop working until eleven o’clock .直到…才

Until he had passed out of sight, she stood there.她站在那里看着，直到看不见他的身影。

如主句动词是持续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到…为止”；如主句动词是瞬间动词，要用否定式not…until表示“直…才”,从句放在句首表示强调，一般用until

since

自从…以来

Great changes have taken place in China since自从1978.

主句动词应为持续性的，从句动词为瞬间的。状语从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开，如从句在主句之后则不必用标点符号。

as soon as

As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, I’ll write to you.

“一…就”

地点

状语

从句

where

wherever

Where there is water there is life.

Wherever you go, you must obey the law.无

where与wherever意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。

原因

状语

从句

because

I was late yesterday because I was ill.

because用来回答why 的问题，语气最强一般放在主句之后

since

Since (既然)everyone is here, let’s begin our meeting.

since表示既然或全已知的理由,稍加分析即可表明的原因,多放句首

as

As（由于） he didn’t know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary .

从句常放在句首，说明次要的原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中。

for

It must have rained last night, for the ground is still wet.

for连接的是并列句。

目的

状语

从句

so that

in order that

①I shall write down your telephone number so that I may not forget.

②We’ll tell you the truth so that you can judge（判断） for yourself.

③They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time.

目的状语从句中常用情态动词may (might) can (could) ,should 等放在动词之前，从句往往放在主句之后，主从句之间不用任何标点符号。注意so that和in order that的转换。

结果

状语

从句

,so that

so

so…that

①We turned up the radio, so that（结果） everyone heard the news.

②He was so excited that he couldn’t say a word.“以致”

so that前有逗号为结果状语从句。

so…that的so后面跟形容词或副词，可以与too...to或enough…to转换

such…that

①He gave such important reasons that he was excused谅解.

②It is such an interesting novel that all of us want to read it.

It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it.

such…that的such后面跟名词，如果名词是单数就要用such a /an…that还可以转换用so…that，语气较强

条件

状语

从句

if

unless

as/so long as

①Difficulties are nothing if 如果we are not afraid of them.

②We shall go there tomorrow unless除非 it rains.= We shall go there tomorrow if it doesn’t rain.

So long as you work hard, you will succeed.只要努力，你就会成功。

unless从句的谓语只能用肯定式。unless和if…not同义，unless是书面语，if…not是口语，通常二者可以换用。

条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时。

方式

状语

从句

as

as if／though

Draw a cat as按照 I taught you yesterday.

Do as按照 you are told to.

She looks as if 好像she is ill.

He acted as if (though) nothing had happened.

They treat the black boy as if (though) he were an animal.

此处as译为，按照或正如

as if或as though的意义和用法基本一样。从句中可以用现在时表示可能符合事实，也可以用虚拟语气。

从句

though

although

①    Although (Though) he was over sixty, (yet仍) he began to learn French.

②We were not tired though (although) we had worked all day.

在句子中一般用了“虽然”就不能再用“但是”（but）但可以与yet或still连用。though / although意义相同，用法基本一样，前者通俗、口语化，后者正式多放主句的前面。

even if／though

I’ll go even if (though) it rains tomorrow.

even if 和even though的意思为“即使”多用于书面语中。

as

Child as he is , he knows a lot .

Cold as it is, (= Though it is cold,)the children play outdoors.

as引出的状语从句多用于书面语，它比用though或although引导的从句，语气强，更有表现力，从句常放在句首，语序部分倒装。

no matter (who, what when,how…)

Do it no matter what不管什么others say.

No matter how无论多么 busy he was, he studied English every day.

no matter……与 who-ever引导的让步状语从句意义基本一样，no matter……引导的从句可是以位于主句前或主句后。

wh－ever         (whatever whoever…)

Whatever happens / may happen , we shall not lose heart.

Whoever comes, he will be welcome.

比

 较

 状

 语

 从

 句

as…as

not so/as…as

Mary is as old as my sister.

He doesn’t run so (as) fast as Jack (does).

连词表示同程度级的比较，肯定句用as…as否定句可用not as (so)…as

than

He bought fewer books than I (did).

He runs less fast than me.

表示不同程度之比较，主句中用比较级的形容词或副词。

the more

…the more

The more you read, the better you understand.

The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.

The sooner, the better.越快越好。

The warmer, the better.越暖和越好。

意思为越…越…，通常的语序为从句在前主句在后，这两个the都是表示程度的副词，用在比较级的形容词或副词前面。

句子意思明显，句子的主语和动词都可省略。